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General information [add image]
Serbia and Montenegro, union of the republics of Serbia and Montenegro, located in southeastern Europe on the Balkan Peninsula. The republic of Serbia is much larger and more populous than Montenegro, and it is home to the capital and largest city, Belgrade.
From 1945 to 1991 Serbia and Montenegro was part of Yugoslavia, a larger Communist federal state consisting of six republics. Yugoslavia’s named changed to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1963. In 1990 the Communist party collapsed, and new non-Communist parties formed. Multiparty elections that year ended 45 years of one-party rule but also brought nationalist political parties into power in all six republics, contributing to ethnic tension in the SFRY. Four of the republics—Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia—declared their independence in 1991 and 1992, leaving only Serbia and Montenegro unified. The SFRY’s dissolution led to a series of armed conflicts known as the wars of Yugoslav succession.
In April 1992 Serbia and Montenegro acknowledged the breakaway of the four republics by proclaiming themselves the successor state to the SFRY, taking the name Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). In early 1996 the FRY was recognized as a country by the member nations of the European Union (EU). Many other countries, including the United States, did not recognize the FRY until 2000. Although the United Nations (UN) did not recognize the FRY as the successor state to the SFRY, in 2000 the UN admitted the FRY as a new member.
During the late 1990s, tensions escalated between ethnic Albanians and Serbs in the Serbian province of Kosovo, and FRY president Slobodan Miloševic used police and military forces to suppress ethnic Albanian separatism in the province. In March 1999 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) began an air war against the FRY after Miloševic refused to accept an international peace plan for Kosovo. The United Nations (UN) has administered Kosovo since the war ended in June 1999.
In February 2003 the leaders of Serbia and Montenegro endorsed a new constitutional charter that gave more autonomy to the constituent republics and changed the country’s name from the FRY to Serbia and Montenegro. The charter permitted each republic to hold a referendum on full independence after three years.
Climate
The climate is continental in the north and Mediterranean in the south.
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Native Name: Republika Srbija
Capital: Belgrade
Population: 10,159,046
Currency: Serbia: Dinar (CSD), Montenegro: Euro (EUR)
Phone Perfix: +381
Voltage: 230 V, 50 Hz
Emergency: Emergency: 92
Official Site: External Site
Vaccination: H, DT, T
Abb.:
DT = Diptheria (10yr+)
P = Polio (10yr+)
MP = Malaria Prophylaxis
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